We recorded other net operating expense of R$12.3 million in 2000 compared to a net operating income of R$40.6 million in 1999. Other net operating expense in 2000 was due mainly to leases of rights-of-ways for telecommunications routes, whereas in 1999 the net operating income was due primarily to a R$68.3 million reduction in accrued penalties associated with a COFINS tax payment. See notes 6 and 18 to our consolidated financial statements. This reduction in 1999 was partially offset by a management fee to WorldCom of R$27.9 million. In 1999, a portion of the management fee to WorldCom was recorded as SG&A. In accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law, the management fee is classified as SG&A once it has been registered with the Central Bank of Brazil. Please see note 22 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the terms of the management agreement.

The 1998 third and fourth quarter charges included in other net operating expense for the year ended December 31, 1998 were as follows:

  · R$369.1 million related to management's decision to convert our defined benefit pension plan to a defined contribution plan. See note 21 to our consolidated financial statements. Employees were offered the option to convert to a defined contribution plan in the third quarter of 1998. The option expired on December 31, 1998. The pension obligation arising from such conversions is expected to be funded over seventeen years, which is the actuarial estimate of the average remaining working life of the converting employees. Management expects that such funding will be made from operating cash flows. The third and fourth quarters' charges in 1998 were based on such actuarial estimates.
· R$74.5 million related to management's decision during the third quarter of 1998 to offer to "buy out" employees who elect to exit the post-retirement health care plan. A lump-sum payment to this effect was made on January 15, 1999.
· R$72 million related to a voluntary termination program offered by us to employees engaged in activities that were expected to be outsourced or discontinued. The offer expired on November 27, 1998 and 1,537 of our employees accepted the offer, resulting in actual severance payments of R$86.5 million.

Excluding the third and fourth quarter pre-tax charges in 1998 discussed above, net other operating expense was R$61.6 million in 1998 which included R$33.2 million in management fees to WorldCom. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions-Related Party Transactions". This also included R$28.4 million in other miscellaneous operating expenses which comprised a R$10 million write-down of tax related investments in economic development regions, according to their fair market value.