
The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to
exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy.
Brazilian political and economic conditions have a direct impact
on our business and the market price of the preferred shares.
The Brazilian government frequently intervenes in the Brazilian
economy and occasionally makes drastic changes in policy. The
government's actions to control inflation and other policies
have often involved wage and price controls, currency devaluations,
capital controls, and limits on imports, among other things.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations
may be adversely affected by changes in policy involving tariffs,
exchange controls and other matters, as well as factors such
as:
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· currency fluctuations;
· inflation;
· price instability;
· interest rates;
· tax policy; and
· other political, diplomatic, social and economic
developments in or affecting Brazil. |
The Brazilian government's actions to maintain economic
stability and public speculation about possible future actions
may contribute significantly to economic uncertainty in Brazil
and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets.
Brazil has historically experienced extremely high rates of
inflation. Inflation, along with governmental measures to
combat inflation, have had significant negative effects on
the Brazilian economy in general. Beginning in December 1993,
the Brazilian government introduced an economic stabilization
plan called the Real Plan. The primary objectives of the Real
Plan were to reduce inflation and build a foundation for sustained
economic growth.
On July 1, 1994, the Brazilian government introduced the new
currency, the real. Since the introduction of the real, Brazil's
inflation rate has been substantially lower than in previous
periods. The annual rates of inflation, as measured by the
National Consumer Price Index, Índice Nacional de Preços
ao Consumidor, were:
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Year
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Rate of Inflation
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1993
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2,489.1%
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1994
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929.3%
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1995
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22.0%
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1996
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9.1%
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1997
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4.3%
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1998
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2.5%
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1999
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8.4%
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2000
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5.3%
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Brazil may experience high levels of inflation in the future.
We cannot assure you that recent lower levels of inflation
will continue. Future governmental actions, including actions
to adjust the value of the real, may trigger increases in
inflation. Accordingly, periods of substantial inflation may
in the future have material adverse effects on the Brazilian
economy, the Brazilian financial markets and on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Electric power shortages currently faced by Brazil could
adversely affect us.
Brazil is currently faced with demands for electricity that
may exceed capacity. Installation of new power plants in recent
years has not been sufficient to meet growing demand. Compounding
this problem, summer rainfall was below normal and left many
reservoirs below normal levels, diminishing sources of hydroelectric
power. The Brazilian government is considering various alternatives
for rationing energy consumption that may include periodic
interruption of electrical supply. The government commission
established to handle the energy crisis, the Câmara
de Gestão da Crise de Energia Elétrica, is still
revisiting some of the measures established in the Interim
Resolution No. 2.148-1, dated May 22, 2001, which replaced
Interim Resolution No. 2.147 of May 15, 2001, and sets the
conditions under which the Câmara de Gestão da
Crise de Energia Elétrica shall handle rationing of
energy. This commission has the power to rule and manage the
crisis by issuing resolutions.
Embratel is subject to the energy rationing resolutions set
forth by the Câmara de Gestão da Crise de Energia
Elétrica. According to the currently passed resolutions,
the energy consumption should individually be limited to 80%
of the average amount of energy consumed during the months
of May, June and July of 2000, by each consumer. It is important
to observe that the resolutions passed by the Câmara
de Gestão da Crise de Energia Elétrica are under
constant review, and such percentage of maximum consumption
per consumer may be changed at any time. In addition, we and
certain other the telecommunications services companies operating
in Brasil requested the Brazilian Telecommunications Ministry
and the Câmara de Gestão da Crise de Energia
Elétrica to classify our activities as "essential
services" under such energy rationing resolutions. In
case we are granted such special classification, and according
to the current rules on this issue, we will be subject to
energy rationing based on 90% of the average amount of energy
we consumed during the months of May, June and July of 2000.
There is no assurance that we or any of the other telecommunications
services companies operating in Brazil requesting such special
treatment with respect to the energy rationing rules will
obtain the relief sought.
We are also taking measures to ensure that telecommunications
services we provide will not be disrupted owing to any prolonged
disruption in power. Most of our network locations are equipped
with emergency power generation equipment that is designed
to ensure continuity of service. Such systems are supported
by fuel storage tanks and can run for extended periods of
time. Our network facilities operate using direct current
with uninterrupted power supplies. These systems allow for
smooth transitions between power from electrical utilities
to the power backup systems. Additionally, we have portable
power generators distributed strategically throughout the
country that can be deployed to areas of need. We conduct
routine tests of these power backup systems to ensure readiness
for incidents of power disruption.
Fluctuations in the value of Brazil's currency against
the value of the U.S. dollar may result in uncertainty in
the Brazilian economy and the Brazilian securities market,
which may adversely affect our financial condition and results
of operations and, consequently, the market value of the preferred
shares and ADSs.
As a result of inflationary pressures, the Brazilian currency
has been devalued periodically during the last four decades.
Throughout this period, the Brazilian government has implemented
various economic plans and utilized a number of exchange rate
policies, including sudden devaluations, periodic mini-devaluations
during which the frequency of adjustments has ranged from
daily to monthly, floating exchange rate systems, exchange
controls and dual exchange rate markets. Although over long
periods, devaluations of the Brazilian currency generally
have correlated with the rate of inflation in Brazil, devaluations
over shorter periods have resulted in significant fluctuations
in the exchange rate between the Brazilian currency and the
U.S. dollar and other currencies.
Devaluations of the real and continued currency instability
could affect our ability to meet our foreign currency obligations
in the future and result in a monetary loss relating to this
indebtedness. See "Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk" for information about
our hedging policy.
In addition, fluctuations in the value of the real relative
to the U.S. dollar can affect the market value of the ADSs.
Devaluation may reduce the U.S. dollar value of distributions
and dividends on the ADSs and may also reduce the market value
of the preferred shares and the ADSs.
Restrictions on the movement of capital out of Brazil may
hinder your ability to receive dividends and distributions
on, and the proceeds of any sale of, the preferred shares.
The Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions
on the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currencies
and on the remittance to foreign investors, such as yourself,
of proceeds from your investments in Brazil. Brazilian law
permits the government to impose these restrictions whenever
there is a serious imbalance in Brazil's balance of payments
or reasons to foresee a serious imbalance.
Government restrictions on capital outflow may hinder or prevent
the Custodian in Brazil, or you if you have exchanged your
ADSs for the underlying preferred shares, from converting
the proceeds relating to the preferred shares into U.S. dollars
and remitting those proceeds abroad. You could be adversely
affected by delays in obtaining any required governmental
approval for conversion of Brazilian currency payments and
remittances abroad in respect of the preferred shares underlying
the ADSs. In addition, the Brazilian government may institute
a more restrictive exchange control policy in the future.
See "Item 10. Additional Information - Taxation - Brazil".
Our creditors may be unable to attach certain of our assets
to secure a judgment.
Brazilian courts will not enforce any attachment with respect
to property located in Brazil and determined by the court
to be dedicated to the provision of essential public services.
A substantial portion of our assets may be considered to be
dedicated to the provision of an essential public service.
If a Brazilian court were to make such a determination with
respect to certain of our assets, those assets would not be
subject to attachment, execution or other legal process and
our creditors may not be able to realize a judgment against
our assets.
Developments in other emerging market countries may affect
the market price of the preferred shares and the ADSs.
Securities of Brazilian companies have been, to varying degrees,
influenced by economic and market conditions in other emerging
market countries. Although economic conditions are different
in each country, investors' reactions to developments in one
country may affect the securities of issuers in other countries,
including Brazil. Since the fourth quarter of 1997, the international
financial markets have experienced significant volatility,
and a large number of market indices, including those in Brazil,
have declined significantly. For example, the Asian economic
crisis and the 1998 Russian debt moratorium and devaluation
of the Russian currency triggered market volatility in Latin
America and other emerging market countries' securities markets.
The market value of the preferred shares and ADSs may be adversely
affected by events elsewhere, especially in emerging markets.
Our financial statements may not give you the same information
as financial statements prepared under U.S. accounting rules.
Publicly available information about public companies in Brazil
is generally less detailed and not as frequently updated as
the information that is regularly published by or about listed
companies in the United States and certain other countries.
In addition, although we are subject to the periodic reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
or the Exchange Act, the periodic disclosure required of foreign
issuers under the Exchange Act is more limited than the periodic
disclosure required of domestic U.S. issuers. We prepare our
consolidated financial statements in accordance with Brazilian
Corporate Law, which differs in significant respects from
U.S. GAAP.
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